The Social Impacts of Marijuana Prohibition in Brazil

The users of marijuana in Brazil are mainly people that smoke the drug for recreational factors, but there are also many people that use marijuana as treatment for their diseases or disorders. Marijuana can be used to treat things like cancer, multiple sclerosis, anxiety and glaucoma. The problem is that these people have to be criminals to be able to treat themselves. Social Impacts Marijuana impacts on health Less Jails more treatment The social impacts of marijuana prohibition in brazil are many. The war on drugs, violence, firearms trafficking involved, corruption and many others. Because its so hard to differentiate an addict and a drug dealer by the amount of marijuana they carry, addicts end up in jail. Now, addiction is considered an illness, and for that reason it should be treated as one. In the movie breaking the taboo with the former Brazilian president Fernando Henrique, prisoners talk about how much drugs are a part of their lives in prison. One of them says â€Å"If you didn’t have a drug habit when going in, you leave with a drug habit.† If the prohibition continues, more prisons will have to be constructed and that could be a waste of money for the government. Also, a lot of money is spent on police reinforcement to fight drugs in the streets, this money could be going to other things such as education. In Uruguay the money gotten from people who buy the drug legally is used to sustain the production/transportation/sales business, and the profit made by theShow MoreRelatedWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal1641 Words   |  7 Pagesthat marijuana will be in the market for a while, this paper will pinpoint detailed information on the production, transportation, effects of marijuana, and its effective control. The review of the claims integrated in the paper offers evidence and conclusive results of the local and foreign production. 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Forensic Science An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Tech

Question: Discuss what management procedures and organisation would be required to respond to a terrorist attack (2 coordinated explosions in stands located in the centre of the stadium), at the Racecourse stadium. The attacks occurred on a busy Saturday afternoon during a match. Discuss the roles that forensic scientists have at the scene and in supporting the police.? Answer: I accept the assaults at the Racecourse stadium on Saturday evening amid a match on blameless regular citizens were demonstrations of terrorism not demonstrations of war. Terrorism is the unlawful utilize or undermined utilization of power or viciousness by an individual or a composed gathering against individuals or property with the expectation of scary or pressuring social orders or governments, frequently for ideological or political reasons. Clearly this is the thing that happened at the Racecourse stadium on Saturday evening amid a match. Sadly, this grievous occasion did happen. It was not a demonstration of war. It was a lamentable decimating demonstration of fear. By the straightforward utilization of reason, isn't there a steady atmosphere around dread that all individuals on the less than desirable end are against it before it has even happened (Houck, 2006). Mass casualty fiascos can possibly rapidly overpower the assets of a Medical Examiner's operation relying upon the limit of the office and the quantity of fatalities. Workplaces that are overpowered may look for aid at nearby, state and government levels. Calamity circumstances may run from simply a couple of victimized people to high numbers. For this situation, the reason is a Bomb Blast. The focus of this essay is to complete an arrangement with a specific end goal to recognize systems through which Medical Examiners may get bolster advantages for finish the objectives of distinguishing the perished and masterminding fitting last attitude, furthermore plot the part of Forensic science in the investigative procedure (Embar-Seddon and Pass, 2009). The arrangement is made here to lay out some essential and obligatory operational arrangement of strategies. It introduces administration reaction that must be adjusted to get out the territory and take after the methodology if there should be an occurrence of a conveyance of weapons of mass annihilation, for example, a bomb impact. Administration of the general catastrophe must be finished utilizing the Incident Command System (ICS) as systematized by the NIMS (National Incident Management System). The essential elements of order, operations, arranging, logistics, and organization/account are the establishment of an adaptable stage that can grow or contract as the extent of the fiasco manages. The Medical Examiner's part under the operations capacity must have its own particular arrangement of summon, operations, arranging, logistics, and organization/money capacities to oversee working together with the general Incident Commander. The items given below in the table are always needed in certain contexts of mass annihilation. A list is given below. Serial No. The scene of the occurrence The mortuary Transport Organization Communications Power supplies Welfare 1. body sacks examination tables of staff to and from scene medical aid and restorative hardware Administrative data service Impermanent Structures Nourishment beverage 2. body names Seepage tow trucks premises scene washing offices 3. property sacks finger impression gear recuperation vehicles documents cupboards radio funeral home guidance/advising administration 4. maps/ flying photos warming/cooling units of gear and ID information documents Interpol frames instructions material individual defensive attire 5. ID identifications/apparel photographic gear for garbage/ proof evacuation weatherproof pens/pencils Phone, PC printers 6. site boundary tape or boundaries body storerooms of evacuees and losses trivial money impromptu costs and buys dispatch administration 7. inquiry and location gear authority examination instruments of bodies from scene, inside funeral home, and so on.: refrigerated trucks furniture 8. stretchers X-Ray machines 9. sketcher's materials waste transfer 10. body and property stakes 11. ground-clearing gear 12. photographic gear It will be admired that no rundown can be comprehensive, and any endeavour to devise and distribute a complete stock of prescribed hardware would be purposeless, as well as power lead to an incorrect conviction that all is well with the world. In any case, numerous Interpol part nations have drawn up arrangements and gained hardware which suits the apparent needs of their specific zones of operation. No authoritative direction can be given on the quantity of individuals prone to be obliged to react to and manage a calamity. Once more, the sort and area of the episode and various other criteria will need to be considered. The individuals who have needed to manage bomb impacts on whatever scale will dependably concur that it is anything but difficult to disparage the time, number of staff, and measure of hardware that will be needed (Bogusz, 2008). In mass casualty occurrences, affirmation of the character of human remains ought to just be made by the Identification Board or neighbourh ood power after close appraisal and assessment of important and dependable information is attempted. Casualties of a vast scale calamity are recognized on the premise of an evaluation of different elements. The degree to which human remains are harmed, the time human remains have been left uncovered and the related changes in the state of human remains will impact the nature and nature of posthumous information. It will likewise impact and figure out what particular strategies for distinguishing proof may be embraced and are most proper considering the present situation. Techniques for ID utilized as a part of instances of calamities ought to be deductively stable, dependable, material under field conditions and fit for being actualized inside a sensible time of time (Ishida, 2012). The essential and most dependable method for distinguishing proof are erosion edge examination, near dental investigation and DNA examination. Exceptional serial numbers from restorative inserts might li kewise be solid identifiers as far as demonstrating character. Auxiliary method for recognizable proof incorporate individual portrayal, medicinal discoveries, tattoos, and property and garments found on the body. These method for recognizable proof serve to backing recognizable proof by different means and are conventionally not sufficient as a sole method for ID (albeit relying upon the circumstances, there may be a few exemptions). Distinguishing proof taking into account photos can be famously temperamental and ought to be evaded as the sole method for recognizable proof. Visual ID by a witness may give an evidence of personality be that as it may is not sufficient for positive ID of casualties of a vast scale calamity, as victimized people can be distorted, bringing about the visual examination being problematic (Kahana and Hiss, 2009). The mental push often included in encounter with the perished, by relatives, likewise makes this type of ID temperamental. All after death info rmation got from bodies is assessed with reference to data acquired about missing persons. As it is difficult to know ahead of time what information can be gotten from bodies and what data can be gotten for correlation purposes at the exploited person's spot of living arrangement, all accessible data (both AM and PM) ought to be gathered and reported (Kayser, 2015). The nature of both AM and PM information ought to be of the most noteworthy standard conceivable, with quality techniques secured ahead of schedule in the operation A firm chain of command is key. In the event that plans don't accommodate a senior authority (for example, Chief of Police) to take prompt authority, an Investigator in Charge should be named to accept general obligation regarding the entire operation. Until sufficient extra officers get to be accessible he might need to direct manage numerous, if not all, of the introductory parts of the reaction. The Investigator in Charge will regularly be in charge of co-ordinating endeavours to spare life property, to recognize the dead and to research the reason or reasons for the debacle (Millen, 2000). The exercises for which he will be capable are such a variety of and fluctuated that he will require a few senior cops to support him. Aside from directing the consolidated operations from start to finish, he may be obliged to handle the examination concerning the calamity causes himself. In any case, as all the proof whereupon to base his decisions won't be accessible until the salvage and r ecuperation operations have been ended, all material confirmation should in the long run be made accessible to him for assessment. The last document must exhibit deductions with respect to the reason or causes however will likewise, at whatever point conceivable incorporate recommendations to dodge or minimize the impacts of future comparative debacles, and may propose changes in the reaction methodology and in methods for overseeing debacle processes (Montelius and Lindblom, 2011). For viable control co-appointment of the different exercises the Investigator-in-Charge will require no less than three aides, every in charge of a real part of the general process: a Manager of Victim Identification a Manager of Rescue Operations a Manager of Communications It is greatly vital to build an interchanges focus immediately. For viable reasons this focal point ought to be created at a real police home office which will typically have appropriate locations, interchanges hardware, staff other fundamental offices (Mundorff, 2011). At whatever point conceivable a free switchboard and extra correspondences stations, for example, radio, telex, copy and PC connections ought to be given. It is prescribed that workplaces for the three Managers and their different units or groups be given at or near to this area. The correspondences focus ought to likewise give administrations, for example, record duplicating, interpretation and message transmission for the operations at different areas. On the off chance that it is hard to situated up interchanges gear, or if specialized breakdowns are obligated to happen, procurement ought to be made for a forever accessible individual dispatch framework. Much of the time it will be convenient to set up the Missing Persons Unit at or close to the correspondences focus all investigations data regarding latent exploited people ought to be coordinated to that Unit. A generous number of open media analyses, not all identifying with missing persons, must be foreseen. These are best managed by an advertising officer, however the Manager of Communications, in contact with the Investigator in Charge ought to dependably be eventually in charge of the arrival of data to the media; no one but they can completely survey what has been accomplished at any given time and what data can be made open without trading off the operations or examinations. Salvage operations will be begun instantly, frequently by survivors and individuals from the general population in the region of the occurrence. Beginning reports to the crisis benefits sometimes give appropriate insights around the degree of the fiasco and the amount state of victimized people; the Manager of Rescue Operations will in this manner required to look for extra data from solid sources. Likewise with typical police methodology the closest radio-prepared police watch ought to be coordinated to the scene quickly, to give precise data straight from the site. Just as significantly, the officers will speak to liveried power at the scene. It is underlined that the primary police staff to arrive must oppose the allurement to end up actually included in the salvage operations (Thompson, 2008). Their essential capacity at this stage is to acquire and go on precise data so reaction actions can be surveyed and taken. Individual inclusion, which could put them out of contact at this discriminating time, may separate the main basic interchanges join with the scene. In territories that may not be open by vehicle, e.g. in deserts, mountain reaches or forests or on snow-made progress or water, exact data will be much harder to get. Helicopters or other flying machine could be utilized to inspect and report. In airplane calamities early phone contact ought to be made and kept up with the closest airport regulation focus and with the air transport organization included to acquire essential data in regards to, for instance, the flying machine's destination, and subtle elements of trouble calls and unsafe freight. In spite of the variety among wrongdoing scenes, there is a standard system set up to guarantee a scene is taken care of in a proper way. At the point when a wrongdoing is at first reported, the first officer going to will have various obligations to finish whilst sitting tight for other work force to arrive. The FOA must complete a beginning evaluation of the circumstance, managing any crises as vital. Any people officially exhibit at the scene, including witnesses and suspects, must be kept, if it be important to lead any meetings or even make captures. The FOA himself will casually meet any significant persons with a specific end goal to figure out if a wrongdoing has really been conferred and if any crisis support is needed, for example, the summoning of paramedics (Kayser, 2015). In the event that medical aid is given, the officer ought to observe anything that is changed amid life-sparing endeavours, for example, the development of victimized people or articles. At the point wh en logical bolster staff touch base at the scene, the FOA will impart any applicable data he has picked up with them. The hindrances of a wrongdoing scene are secured, guaranteeing that every single indispensable bit of proof in addition to passages and ways out are incorporated, and a physical boundary put around the scene. This hindrance may be wrongdoing scene tape, cops standing monitor, blockades or vehicles. This boundary basically controls who enters the scene, planning to reject all insignificant faculty. A log is created taking note of all people who do cross the obstruction and the times at which they enter and exit. As the scene and its confirmation may be incompletely or completely presented to the components, insurance from climate harm may be needed (Ishida, 2012). This can be achieved by just utilizing clean cardboard boxes to cover the important ranges, or in a few occurrences a tent may be raised. All people entering the scene ought to wear the right securing garments, which may comprise of an arrangement of overalls, latex gloves, paper shoes, and even a face cover. After leaving t he scene, all ensuring attire worn all through the examination ought to be gathered for investigation to maintain a strategic distance from the danger of losing significant follow proof. Amid the precise quest for proof, a main examiner will frequently allot people to specific ranges of the wrongdoing scene whilst ignoring the quest for and gathering of confirmation. The route in which the scene is handled will frequently be dictated by the way of the wrongdoing. Indoor wrongdoing scenes will be just looked on a room-by-room premise, while outside wrongdoing scenes may oblige a more point by point hunt design. Before anything is moved or even touched, the whole scene must be completely recorded to guarantee a changeless record exists of the scene in the state in which it was found. This documentation may incorporate composed notes, photos, feature recording, and representations. Far reaching notes will be kept for everything of physical proof recouped from the scene, incorporating the area in which it was observed, who gathered it and at what time, and a depiction of the thing itself (Houck, 2006). General notes in regards to the scene itself will likewise be taken, including ecological points of interest, data on the state in which the scene was found, and whatever other subtle elements that may be significant. Portrayals are often used to demonstrate the areas, measurements and introductions of objects of noteworthy found at the scene, and applicable estimations. Photography is maybe the most imperative manifestation of wrongdoing scene documentation, creating a perpetual visual record o f the wrongdoing scene and found proof. Broad photos ought to be taken of all regions of the wrongdoing scene and each thing of proof gathered. See the measurable photography page for a more definite portrayal. At the point when documentation of the scene is finished, the scene of wrongdoing officers can then continue to gather physical confirmation from the scene. The way of the confirmation itself will focus the strategy for accumulation and how it is contained. It might be important to concentrate on the accumulation of certain confirmation to start with, specifically things that may be especially delicate or profitable to the examination. On the off chance that a body is available at the scene, it will regularly be difficult to touch or move the exploited person until the essential master has touched base at the scene, for example, the pathologist. Prior to the body is transported to the morgue, plastic sacks are secured over the head, hands and feet to keep the loss of follow proof (Bogusz, 2008). Likewise with recuperation techniques, the bundling of physical confirmation is dependent on the way of the proof. All things gathered ought to be bundled, put away and transported in such a route, to the point that keeps any change or harm from occurring between the time it is recuperated and the time it is gotten by the research centre. Little, dry thing may be collapsed in paper and after that fixed in polythene sacks, while wet things ought to be fixed in polythene packs and solidified, particularly on the off chance that they contain potential organic specimens. Each thing gathered ought to be put in a different holder to anticipate harm through contact and cross-sullying. At long last, all bits of physical proof ought to be named with any recognizing data in regards to the thing, in addition to the area in which it was found, the wrongdoing it identifies with, and the date and mark of all persons included in its recuperation. References Bogusz, M., 2008.Forensic science. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Embar-Seddon, A. and Pass, A., 2009.Forensic science. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press. Houck, M., 2006. Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques.J Forensic Sci, 51(1), pp.205-205. Ishida, K., 2012. Application of Forensic DNA Identification to Human Cell Line Authentication.Journal of Forensic Research, 03(05). Kahana, T. and Hiss, J., 2009. The Role of Forensic Anthropology in Mass Fatality Incidents Management.Forensic Science Policy Management: An International Journal, 1(3), pp.144-149. Kayser, M., 2015. Forensic DNA Phenotyping: Predicting human appearance from crime scene material for investigative purposes.Forensic Science International: Genetics. Millen, P., 2000. Is crime scene investigation forensic science? Are crime scene investigators forensic scientists?.Science Justice, 40(2), pp.125-126. Montelius, K. and Lindblom, B., 2011. DNA analysis in disaster victim identification.Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 8(2), pp.140-147. Mundorff, A., 2011. Integrating forensic anthropology into disaster victim identification.Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 8(2), pp.131-139. Thompson, T., 2008. The Role of the Photograph in the Application of Forensic Anthropology and the Interpretation of Clandestine Scenes of Crime.Photography and Culture, 1(2), pp.165-184.

Mohandas Gandhi Essays (510 words) - Ascetics, Gujarati People

Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar (In the state of Gujarat) on the 2nd of October, 1869. He was educated at university College, London. After this, he went back to India to begin his Law profession but had no luck and moved to South Africa. Gandhi found that in South Africa he was considered as a second class citizen even though he was a well educated Lawyer. This started his first'mission'. To get India's residing in South Africa equal rights. In this action he discovered a technique of resistance that is non-violent and more to the fact of accepting a persons violence, allowing them to so the damage they inflict on you, and letting them feel guilty (In a way). This for of resistance is formally known as Passive Resistance. The mission he was fighting for did not quite work and after 20 years of on-and-off imprisonment, he want back to India. At the time, India was under the rule of the British Empire. Gandhi devised a form of a political group to make a free and independent India. The forms of activities this group participated in were protect marches, gatherings and this was all done with Passive Resistance. During Gandhi's life, he was so into this idea of Passive Resistance, if anyone that wanted an Independent India resorted to violence, he would fast until the violence stopped. he did this a number of times and it always worked. Also if he created notes, memos or writings about India's home rule, the government would throw him in jail. The great thing about Gandhi is that he never denied a true accusation and happily was taken of to jail. I believe that Gandhi once said 'It is not as if I am sentenced to prison, just taking an extended holiday.'. The qualities that Gandhi had were very respectable. He was a very well educated man, he was articulate and very true in his words. Everything he seemed to say was so meaningful and so to the point, that is very inspiring to anyone. He had a good personality and a loving husband and father. Also, he did not see himself as one religion, he saw himself as a Christian, a Hindu and a Muslim. He did not restrict himself too one category. Instead he stated that we all prayer to the same God and in this, was a very special. The Circumstances to Gandhi's was very tragic. Whilst he was going for his evening prayer meeting, he was assassinated by a man by the name of Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic. Gandhi's death was considered as an international catastrophe in that even a period of morning was set aside during The United Nations General Assembly. People believed and still believe in the concept of Passive Resistance environmental protest. but even more famous, Martin Luther King Jr. used the concept of Passive Resistance was used in the liberation of black people from the strong hold of Segregation (The separation of Blacks and Whites). This was effective in Mr. King campaign also. So I strongly believe that people can learn a lot from Gandhi and Mr. King. In that Passive Resistance creates a non-violent way of getting what is rightfully yours.

The Joy of The Tuba †Music Essay

The Joy of The Tuba – Music Essay Free Online Research Papers The Joy of The Tuba Music Essay Ahhh! The tuba (That’s Latin : Trumpet). The tuba is the biggest and the shiniest of all the brass family. It is also very possible, that it is heavier than all the other brass instruments put together. Let’s imagine if we were to couple together this instrument with an outlandish larrikin, let’s call them tubists, politically more correct woodwindests may call them he-persons and their friends may call them crazy, no – matter, this formidable instrument is like a leopard tank to the infantry as it is to a military band, it’s kind of big and loud, however, when you need it, it’s there with power. Please enjoy this informative, yet very sarcastic view on a tuba from the eye’s of a he-person/ crazy/ tubist. Aim The aim of this essay is to promote the tuba, not only as an instrument, but also as a character of the band. By showing and explaining the history, development and characteristics of the tuba, only then can other musicians appreciate and understand what on earth would possess someone to start playing that. Funny picture of tuba here History and development Patented in 1835 by Wiebrecht and Moritz in Germany the tuba surfaced to replace the Serpent and the Ophicleide (no relation to the centipede). The Tuba is constructed from brass, an alloy (combination of metals) comprising of copper zinc. Generally silver plated, however it can be lacquered to give it the appearance of gold. And the cost is not too far off gold either, with some tubas now approaching the $45,000 mark. Now, to be serious, but not for long. The tuba was derived from the ophicleide, a type of keyed bugle that was designed and built in the 1800’s, before valves were the cool thing to use back then. Its mega legend status started in the brass bands of Great Britain were they used a Helicon (not related to helicopters) was used for easier portability, not that much has changed. Many variants were created but Richard Wagner created a variant based on the French horn which was used for his Ring cycle of Operas and has since been called the Wagner Tuba. In the 1860’s John Phillip Sousa commissioned an audience friendly version (which has never been perfected) of the Helicon and all of sudden, we have a Sousaphone. After realizing that this thing is too damn hard to make, the design has remained the same. But the creative minds have worked hard and variants with four, five and six valves have been sent to test the tubists of today’s world. With the input of many a he-person (remember that’s what the politically correct woodwind call tuba players), other changes have been introduced, such as the rotary valve for the short fingered he-person, fiberglass sousaphone for the he-persons with a bad back and convertible tubas for those he-persons going through a mid life crisis. Please forgive my humor as that the real purpose of convertible tuba’s is not to get girls, it was actually made so that the audience could hear the superb qualities of the tuba as demonstrated in the picture below. Insert funny Sousa pic here Tubas can now be found in the most diverse range of shapes, sizes, pitches, colours, weights and price of ANY instrument and this isn’t saying that they haven’t got it right yet, it just takes time to perfect 8 metres of brass tubing wrapped around a light post. To make matters a little more complicated, not that the invention of the fourth valve was enough, the diversity and obscurity of the tuba becomes multiplied when the introduction of the tenor tuba is released. I am of course referring to the Baritone/Euphonium. A welcome friend of the tuba family, however, with two noticeable differences. 1.) The Euphonium shrunk in the wash (that means it’s half the size of the tuba) 2.) The Euphonium music is ten times harder to play than tuba parts. Not exactly value for weight savings there. Another new addition to make tubas heavier, although this has been a huge improvement, was the introduction of compensating tubas. This does not mean that the tuba player gets paid extra money for a using a compensating tuba (they should because it weighs more) but what it does mean is that the tuba has extra tubing to correct the tuning when multiple valve combinations are in use. I’ll confuse you later with the specifics of this. With the development of the tuba comes one of the most significant features. Tubas can come in five different keys (BBb, CC, EEb, F and the GG Bugle â€Å"Not available for bugle calls as yet Sir† ). With an upright bell or forward facing, (forward facing bells provide excellent sound projection in marching bands) fourteen to thirty inches in bell diameter (that’s 355.50mm to 762.00mm), two to six valves, rotary or piston, student or professional models, convertible or standard, the rare but available double belled euphonium, sousaphones and tubas with or without compensating or non- compensating tubing. The tuba has more selling features than a brand new Holden Monaro and is similar in price. Instrument range The tuba is a hidden talent, a soft and sweet sound that does not promote itself as a soloist because it doesn’t ‘bite’ the listener like a trumpet or vocalist does. However it is an extremely capable instrument, it can’t be thrown very far physically, but it’s sound can be thrown further than the ears of the listener and deep into heart and mind of the appreciative audience. The Tuba is mostly associated with the â€Å"oom-pah-pah† and the fourteen million litres of beers that Austrians and Germans drink at Oktoberfest (and perhaps a few Aussie tuba playing Beer drinking legends), the tuba is much more capable than the1st and 3rd beats in the bar. The tuba can be soft and lyrical to loud and bombastic and even fast and complex. With a total range of four octaves (and some lance corporals can produce five when they practice more often) not to mention the goorus of tuba playing, for example Steven Sykes and the Childs Brothers, that can produce whatever they feel like because they are awesome. Characteristics – harmonic series, hexachords, flexibility, acoustics, harmonics and construction The tuba is not just about technical advances in design, or how much it costs or weighs or even how wide a range the instrument has. It is about how it sounds and how that sound fits into the orchestra or ensemble. Why does the tuba sound different, most primary school kids would say that it’s because it’s bigger. This is true, however, what is the sound that we hear? Most musical notes are sounds that have a particular pitch. The pitch depends on the main frequency of the sound, the higher the frequency of the sound waves, and the shortening of the wavelength, the higher the pitch is. The sounds that we hear day to day are not just one frequency, some sounds have many frequencies, like a wave crashing on a beach, but this is not a particular pitch, and it is not considered a musical note. If an old mobile phone produces a note of particular pitch, a C for example, this note is only one particular frequency and it does not sound like a tuba or clarinet. That is, that Tuba’s, and in fact most Instruments don’t produce just one frequency, they produce only a very particular set of frequencies. So we can’t all pre-program our phones to play 1812 because we could not separate the difference in sound of those playing clarinet, and those playing tuba. When an instrument plays a note the sound that we hear is a smooth mixture of different pitches, these different pitches are called harmonics and the blending together of these pitches is produced so well that we don’t hear the separate notes, instead the harmonics give the note it’s colour or timbre. But where do these harmonics and the timbre come from? In the case of a tuba or wind instrument for that fact, the sound comes from a column of air vibrating inside a tube. When this column of air vibrates within the tuba the main pitch that we hear is the fundamental (Eb for an Eb tuba, Bb for a Bb etc.) This column of air can also vibrate in halves, thirds, fourths and so on of the fundamental. The difference is the relative loudness of all the different harmonics compared to each other. So when a clarinet plays a note, perhaps we can only hear the odd- numbered harmonics and when a tuba plays the same notes, perhaps the fifth and tenth harmonics are the strongest. This is what separates the sound of the clarinet in comparison to the tuba, and of course the tuba sounds better. So even if a tuba sounds different to a clarinet, how does it play all the notes in a chromatic scale? Well apart from practice, the tuba and all brass instruments have a harmonic series. As a xylophone player gets only one note from each plank of wood, different in length, or a string player can change a note by tightening the string by using tuning pegs or pressing down in a different place, the tuba or brass player can produce different notes without changing the length of the tubing. The musicians do this by playing the harmonics of the instrument. Brass instruments excel in getting notes from the same length of tubing. This is produced by vibrating the lips at different speeds, by doing this, the player can produce a harmonic of the air column to sound instead of the fundamental. The harmonic series can have any note as it’s fundamental, so there are many harmonic series, but the relationship between the frequencies of a harmonic series is always the same. The second harmonic always has exactly half the wavelength (and twice the frequency) of the fundamental. The third harmonic has exactly a third of the wavelength (three times the frequency) of the fundamental and it continues through the range of the instrument. Just like a bugle , the tuba can play any note in the harmonic series that falls within the players range. So before valves were cool the tuba had the same range as a bugle, but the introduction of 3 valves added extra tubing to the instrument. Each time a valve was opened (or pressed) an extra length of tubing was added, adding a new harmonic series to the instrument. The first valve usually adds one half step to the harmonic series, the second valve one whole step and the third valve adds one and one half steps lower than the valve-less instrument. The valves can also be used together creating another harmonic series. So technically speaking the tuba in it’s middle register can produce a valve combination that will give a reasonably in-tune version for every note of the chromatic scale. Insert examples of open tubing harmonic series here etc (sibelius). Hexachords The tuba has one major downfall. It’s size, although this is it’s greatest asset, talk about paying Peter to rob Paul. The tuba needs a lot of vibrating air in the tubes, but this creates problems with flexibility. The Tuba has a very large mouthpiece and to supply a lot of air into the large mouth piece requires virtually the whole mouth to cover the mouthpiece. Possible trills alternate fingerings – emphasis on alternates and tech difs Uses ensembles, styles etc The Tuba is so awesome that no group, band or ensemble could leave home without it. Let’s start with the typical bands/ensembles that you find a tuba:- brass quintet Orchestra Concert band Brass band Military band Marching band Big band Oktoberfest beer band And then of course, there is the ultimate of all small group ensembles the:- Tuba Quartet As you would notice above that there is a broad range of opportunity for the up and budding tubist and the variation in style of music is from one extreme to the other. Popular styles for the tuba would consist of : Orchestral. Including Opera, Symphonic, chamber music and Solos. Concert band. Including folk tunes, easy listening, latin, country, popular some classic rock Roll. Brass Band. Brass bands originated in Great Britain and are widely known for the very challenging contest pieces. Varying in difficulty and asassociated with the various grades, a typical contest would consist of a hymn, set test piece, Bands own choice and of course, a march. Brass quintet / Tuba Quartet. These ensembles will touch on arrangements of pieces from the Baroque period in the 1600 -1700s to current day traditional pieces like Amazing grace. Bach gets a chance to shine and is not outdone by the brashness of Dixieland or the glamour of Broadway. Marching Band. Marches are perhaps the pinnacle of tuba pieces, not only is the music technically difficult, regardless of the competency of the musician and no matter how physically strong a tubist is, marching and performing the tuba is a task that no performer would claim to master. Big Band. The tuba is slowly finding it’s way into the swing of the big band. Generally reading 4th trombone parts, the tuba adds to the lower end of the trombone section, filling in especially on the low frequencies where the bass trombone tends to ‘crack’ a note. Oktoberfest Beer Band. This is where the tuba and it’s master really come together. German beer songs from the Second World War were used to entertain the troops. This music poses the tubist with very few challenges musically , generally only playing the 1st and 3rd beats, however, does add a sporting value of performing under extreme circumstances. Insert funny picture of beer here There are probably a hundred more styles of music, and various bands that you would find a tuba, but remarkably, there are few bands that don’t use it. It’s obviously that good. As far as other uses of the tuba goes, and this is only speculation, but no other instrument has been used as:- A flower pot A place to store cold beers for the long trip home after the job A door stopper Balance, tuning examples of practice exercises to assist technical problems Conclusion/summary At the start of this informative work, I promoted the fact that most people ask, why would you want to play that? As you can see, the tuba is a remarkable instrument. Virtually most styles of instrumental music require the use of a tuba. It can produce the very low frequencies of sound that almost border on the hearing range of the human ear, giving any ensemble the depth of sound to south the soul. The tuba, the largest, most expensive brass instrument in any ensemble, although works on the same principles as any other brass instrument. Although the tuba seems cumbersome, it’s agility and flexibility is that of a trumpet. I’m also sure that after reading this, that playing a tuba now would seem a lot more complicated than building one. I hope that you have enjoyed my humour and can use the technical information. Research Papers on The Joy of The Tuba - Music EssayWhere Wild and West MeetDefinition of Export QuotasCapital PunishmentMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtUnreasonable Searches and Seizures19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringThe Hockey GameThe Spring and Autumn

The British North America Act (BNA Act)

The British North America Act (BNA Act) The British North America Act or BNA Act created the Dominion of Canada in 1867. It is now referred to as the Constitution Act, 1867, as it is the basis of the countrys constitution. History of the BNA Act The BNA Act was drafted by Canadians at the Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation in 1864 and passed without amendment by the British Parliament in 1867. The BNA Act was signed by Queen Victoria on March 29, 1867, and came into effect on July 1, 1867. It solidified Canada West (Ontario), Canada East (Quebec), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick as the four provinces of the confederation. The BNA Act serves as a base document for the Canadian Constitution, which is not a single document but rather a set of documents known as Constitution Acts and, just as importantly, a set of unwritten laws and conventions. The BNA Act set out the rules for the government of the new federal nation. It established a British style parliament with an elected House of Commons and an appointed Senate and set out the division of powers between the federal government and provincial governments. The written text of the division of powers in the BNA Act can be misleading, however, as case law plays a significant part in the division of powers between governments in Canada. The BNA Act Today Since the first act forming the Dominion of Canada in 1867, 19 other acts were passed, until some of them were amended or repealed by the Constitution Act, 1982. Until 1949, only the British Parliament could make amendments to the acts, but Canada assumed  full control over its constitution with the passage of the Canada Act in 1982. Also in 1982, the BNA Act was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867.

(anything is fine) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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The future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach Essay

The future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach - Essay Example The general â€Å"host-guest† conflicts and stereotypes can be better overcome by tourism development through clearer local guidance which goes on to stimulate a superior stewardship of tourism resources. The participation of the stakeholders such as tourism operators, government, local residents, etc in tourism planning guides an improved fitting, longer enduring, and less exhausting tourism industry taking into consideration the local requirements, concerns, desires and abilities. Community involvement while preparing plans for tourism increases the abilities of the stakeholders thereby resulting in sustainable tourism development. Community-driven tourism planning highlights improved strategic and rational vision for growth of tourism. The approach depends upon the local residents and the community leaders who propose opportunities to clarify strengths and weaknesses for the social, economic and ecological well-being. The influence of community-driven approach assures touri sts’ satisfaction eliminating the experience of tourism as a source of anxiety and negative impact. The involvement of community in the process of tourism planning undoubtedly brings up flourishing impact on the tourism industry which otherwise would have remained less successful due to insufficient local knowledge and experience. The illustration of the Whistler Village has been cited as an ideal example of community-driven approach for tourism planning. It has been very rightly said that the future of tourism planning lies with a community-driven approach. The need for community participation in tourism planning must be felt and appreciated (Murphy, 1985a). This calls for the inclusion of strategic planning and community development standards in tourism planning processes. This will inevitably result in to the cohesive working of all the stakeholders, be it tourism industry associations, resident organizations, public organizations, government officials, social